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Stamford Hill is a district in north London consisting of four wards in the London Borough of Hackney (Cazenove, Woodberry Downs, Stamford Hill West and Springfield), and one ward in Haringey (Seven Sisters).〔http://www.hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/stamford-hill-area-Statement-of-Need.pdf〕 It is NNE of Charing Cross. The area is particularly known for its 30,000 Hasidic Jews,〔http://www.destinationhackney.co.uk/neighbourhoods/stamfordhill.asp〕 making it the largest concentration of Haredi Jews in Europe. Due to the high fertility among this community, the area has one of highest birthrates in the UK, with a crude birth rate of more than 25 per 1,000 of the population - twice as high as the UK average.〔http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_333877.pdf〕 Stamford Hill is also the name of part of the A10 road running through the area from Stoke Newington High Street to the start of Tottenham High Road. ==History== Stamford Hill lies on the old Roman road of Ermine Street, on high ground above Stoke Newington, where it crosses the road from the medieval village of Clopton (the modern Upper and Lower Clapton) into Hackney. By the 18th century, the road was subject to heavy traffic, including goods wagons pulled by six or more horses, and this caused the surface of the road to deteriorate. The local parishes appealed to Parliament in 1713 for the right to set up a Turnpike Trust, to pay for repairs and maintenance. Gates were installed at Kingsland and Stamford Hill to collect the tolls.〔(''Georgian Transport'' ) (Brickfields Spitalfields) accessed 18 May 2009〕 Development of the area began around 1800, and many prosperous dwellings were built around Stamford Hill over the next 100 years. The ''London Road'' became a busy commercial centre to serve the needs of the burgeoning population. Around 1880, not only were railways serving the area, but this was the point where the tram systems coming north from the city〔The North Metropolitan Tramways Co. inaugurated 1872, and ran from Moorgate via Kingsland and Stoke Newington Roads to Stamford Hill〕 met the Hackney tram system,〔The North Metropolitan from Bishopsgate ran through Mare Street, and thence to Clapton, opened in 1872, and was extended to Clapton Common in 1875, reaching Stamford Hill in 1902〕 and so it became a busy interchange, with a depot opening in 1873.〔('Hackney: Communications', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 10: Hackney (1995), pp. 4-10 ) Date accessed: 1 November 2006.〕 Electrification commenced in 1902 and by 1924 a service was commenced between Stamford Hill and Camden Town along Amhurst Park. Stamford Hill had many eminent Jewish residents, including the Montefiore family. Italian-born Moses Vita Montefiore (died 1789) was living there in 1763. His son Joseph (died 1804) married Rachel Mocatta, and his grandson Abraham Montefiore (died 1824) married Henrietta whose father, the financier Nathan Meyer Rothschild, lived near the modern Colberg Place from 1818 to 1835. The Montefiores' property a little further south was to be transformed by Abraham's grandson, Claude Montefiore, into Montefiore House school. With the increased development of the area, many distinguished families moved away: in 1842 there were few remaining of the wealthy Jews who had once settled in Hackney.〔('Hackney: Judaism', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 10: Hackney (1995), pp. 145-48 ). Date accessed: 31 October 2006.〕 The philanthropist and abolitionist MP Samuel Morley had a residence here from about 1860. The gardening writer and cottage gardener Margery Fish was born Margery Townshend in Stamford Hill in 1892.〔ODNB entry by Catherine Horwood. (Retrieved 2 November 2012. Pay-walled. )〕 From the 1880s, a new influx of Jews arrived in the area escaping from the poverty of Stepney in the East End〔(''Kosher in the country'' ''The Economist'' 1 June 2006 ) accessed 14 August 2007〕 and, in 1915, the New Synagogue was transferred to Stamford Hill to serve this growing population. In 1926, the Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations was established in Stamford Hill, and this became a magnet for other strictly observant Jews, many fleeing Nazi persecution in the years before the Second World War.〔 Also, many Jewish families came to the area from other areas of London, refugees in their own way from bombing and post-war clearances for new housing. One of the early Hasidic leaders in Stamford Hill was the Shotzer Rebbe. The Hungarian uprising also led to an influx of Haredi Jews fleeing hardship under Soviet rule. Another notable Jewish resident from 1955 until his death in 2000, was the spiritual head of the Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations, Rabbi Chanoch Dov Padwa. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stamford Hill」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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